1. Which of the following is regarded as the oldest among the four Vedas?
2. 1. The Rigvedic economy was predominantly pastoral, with cattle serving as the principal indicator of wealth, while conflicts between tribes were frequently fought over cattle. 2. Iron was extensively used during the Rigvedic period for manufacturing weapons and agricultural implements.
3. Which of the following pairs of Vedic texts and their descriptions is incorrectly matched?
4. Assertion (A): The Ganga and Yamuna, despite becoming central to later Indian civilisation, occur only infrequently in the Rigveda. Reason (R): The Rigvedic Aryans were largely concentrated in the northwestern Sapta Sindhu region, while their expansion towards the Gangetic plains took place mainly during the Later Vedic period.
5. How many of the following statements concerning the Later Vedic period are correct? 1) The Ashrama system, consisting of four stages of life, was systematised during the Later Vedic period. 2) The Varna system became increasingly rigid and hereditary compared with the relatively flexible social structure of the Rigvedic period. 3) The introduction and wider use of iron tools facilitated forest clearance and agricultural expansion towards the Gangetic plains.